در سالهای اخیر شاهد پیشرفت های شگرف در فناوری های تلقیح مصنوعی ازجمله روش انتقال میتوکندری هستیم. با کشف این روش میتوان از بروز بیماریهای میتوکندریایی جلوگیری نمود. در این روش، هسته تخمک مادر که حامل جهش های ژنوم میتوکندریایی است، جداشده و به تخمک بدون ژنوم هسته زن دیگری انتقال داده میشود. کودکان حاصل از این روش با مشارکت سه والد پدید میآیند. به همین دلیل در اصطلاح بینالمللی به کودکان سه والدی شهرت یافته اند. به دلیل نوظهور بودن این پدیده هنوز پژوهشی در تحقیقات فقهی صورت نگرفته است. لذا در این مقاله، درصدد پاسخگویی به این سؤال هستیم که وضعیت فقهی کودکان سه والدی چیست؟ بدین منظور با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی در راستای پاسخ به این سؤال با در نظر گرفتن آرای امام خمینی، جواز آن را در ضمن شرایط و مبانی بهکارگیری چنین فرآیندی اثبات نموده و در ادامه جهت شناسایی والدین کودکان سه والدی به تعیین نسب پدری و مادری پرداخته ایم.
رضانیا معلم، محمدرضا. (1383) باروریهای پزشکی از دیدگاه فقه و حقوق، قم: بوستان کتاب، چاپ اول.
رضوان طلب، محمدرضا و تقی پور، بهرام و ملکی، مرضیه. (1399) «بررسی مشروعیت روش درمانی انتقال میتوکندری»، مجله علمی و پژوهشی پژوهشهای فقهی، دوره 16، شماره 4، صص 734-707.
سیستانی، سید علی. (بیتا) قاعده لا ضرر و لا ضرار، قم: انتشارات مکتب آیتاللهالعظمی السید السیستانی، یکجلدی.
مظفر، محمدرضا. (1387) اصول فقه، بیروت: نشر دانش اسلامی، دوجلدی.
موسوی بجنوردی، سید محمد و معصومه محمد خانی. (1395) «بررسی وضعیت حقوقی کودک متولدشده از رحم جایگزین با رویکردی بر نظر امام خمینی (ره)»، پژوهشنامه متین، شماره 72، صص 74-47.
موسوی بجنوردی، میرزاحسن. (1419 ق) القواعد الفقهیه، تحقیق مهدی مهریزی و محمدحسین درایتی، قم: نشر هادی، چاپ اول، هفتجلدی.
نجفی، محمدحسن. (1981) جواهر الکلامفی شرح شرایع الاسلام، بیروت: داراحیاء التراث العربی، چهلوسه جلدی.
Agroup of authors, Ibn Sina Research Institute (University Jihad). (2010) New methods of human reproduction from the perspective of jurisprudence and law (collection of articles), Samt, Tehran, third edition. (In Persian).
Abbasi, Mahmoud, Parsa, Elaheh. (2017) "Legal Status of Frozen Fetus", Medical Law Quarterly, No. 36: 54-37. (In Persian).
Alidoost, Abolghasem. (2003) Jurisprudence and Reason, Tehran, Cultural Institute of Contemporary Knowledge and Thought, first edition, one volume. (In Persian).
M, Fauser.BCJ, García-Valesco JA, Simpson JL, Johnson MH.(2017) "First birth following spindle transfer for mitochondrial replacement therapy: hope and trepidation", Reprod Biomed Online, 34(4): 333–336.
Alishahi, Abolfazl. (2012) The concept and authority of the taste of Sharia in the process of inferring the rules of jurisprudence, Qom, Bustan Ketab, first edition, one volume. (In Persian).
Amadi, Abdul Wahed bin Muhammad. (1988) Tasnif Gharr al-Hakam & Dar al-Kalam, edited by Raja'i, Mehdi, Qom, Islamic Propaganda Office, one volume (In Persian).
P, Tachibana M, Sparman M, et al. (2014)" Three-parent in vitro fertilization: Gene replacement for the prevention of inherited mitochondrial diseases", Fertility and Sterility 101: 31–35.
Ansari, Morteza. (1997) Faraid Al-Osul, Qom, Dehaghan, two volumes(In Arabic).
Babaki, Mohammad. (2015) Artificial insemination and its rules in the jurisprudential works of Imam Khomeini, Qom, Institute for Organizing and Publishing the Works of Imam Khomeini, first edition, one volume (In Persian).
Bahrani, Sheikh Yusuf. (1991) Hadayek al-Nadharah fi Ahkam al-Atrah al-Tahira, Qom, Islamic Publishing Institute, first edition. Twenty-five volumes(In Arabic).
S (2011)"A history of mitochondrial diseases", Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 34: 261–276.
R, Stephens. N. (2018) "Three person’s three genetic contributors, three parents: Mitochondrial donation, genetic parenting and the immutable grammar of the ‘three x x’", Health, 22(3): 240-258.
Hakim, Seyed Mohsen. (2013) Al-Urwa Al-Wathqi, Qom, Dar al-Tafsir Institute, fourteen volumes (In Arabic).
Heli, Hassan bin Yusuf bin Motahar. (1994) Tazkereh al-Fiqh, Qom, Al-Bayt Institute for the Revival of Heritage, two volume (In Arabic).
B.(2012) "Free radicals and antioxidants: updating a personal view", Nutr Rev,70: 257–265.
Hekmatnia, Mahmoud. (2007) "The Taste of Sharia", Islamic Law, No. 9: 11-28.
C. (2017)" Mitochondrial replacement techniques: who are the potential users and will they benefit?", Bioethics, 31(1): 46-54.
S, Zakhartchenko V, . (2005) "Wolf E. Mito-chondria and the success of somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning: from nuclear-mitochondrial interactions to mitochondrial complementation and mitochondrial DNA recombination". Reprod Fertil Dev;17(1-2):69-83.
Hore Ameli, Mohammad bin Hasan. (1992) Shiite means, Beirut, Dar Al-Ahya Al-Tarath Al-Arabi, first edition, thirty volumes (In Arabic).
Iraqi, Sayyid Zia al-Din. (n.d.) The End of Thoughts, Qom, Islamic Publishing, four volumes(In Persian).
Janati, Mohammad Ibrahim. (1989) Sources of Ijtihad on the Perspective of Religions, Tehran, Kayhan, first edition(In Persian).
Karimi, Abbas, Karimi, Sahar. (2015) "Conflict between actual tax and potential personality of laboratory fetus", Medical Law Quarterly, No. 30: 11-36 (In Persian).
Khoei, Abolghasem. (1992) Mesbah al-Osul, Qom, Maktab al-Dawari, two volumes.
Koleini, Muhammad ibn Ya`qub. (1987) Al-Kafi, Islamic Library, Tehran, fourth edition of fifteen volumes(In Persian).
Lotfi, Assadollah And Saleh Saadat. (2012) "Legal provisions of the child resulting from surrogacy", Private Law, No. 19: 195-169(In Persian).
Majlisi, Mohammad Baqir. (n.d.) Baharalanvar, Beirut, Darahiyah Al-Tarath Al-Arabi, first edition, one hundred and ten volumes.
Meshkini Ardabili, Ali. (1996) Terms of Principles, Qom, Al-Hadi, sixth edition, one volume(In Persian).
Mohaqeq Karki, Ali Ibn Hussein. (1994) Jame 'al-Maqassid fi Sharh al-Islam, Qom, Al-Bayt Institute for the Revival of Heritage, thirteen volumes(In Persian).
Mousavi Bojnourdi, Mirza Hassan. (1998) The rules of jurisprudence, research by Mehdi Mehrizi and Mohammad Hossein Drayati, Qom, Hadi Publishing, first edition, seven volumes(In Persian).
Mousavi Bojnord, Seyed Mohammad And Masoumeh Mohammad Khani. (2017) "Study of the legal status of a child born from a surrogate uterus with an approach based on the opinion of Imam Khomeini (RA)", Matin Research Journal, No. 72: 74-47 (In Persian).
Mousavi Khomeini, Ruhollah. (2000 a) Al-Rasa'il al-Ashra, Tehran, Imam Khomeini Publishing House, Third Edition (In Arabic).
Mousavi Khomeini, Ruhollah. (2000b) Treatise on Explanation of Issues, Tehran, Institute for Organizing and Publishing the Works of Imam Khomeini (RA), Eighth Edition, one volume(In Persian).
Mousavi Khomeini, Ruhollah. (2007) Sahifa Imam, Tehran, Institute for Organizing and Publishing the Works of Imam Khomeini, twenty-two volumes(In Persian).
Mousavi Khomeini, Ruhollah. (1990) Al-Makasib Al-Muharram, Qom, Ismaili Institute, third edition, two volumes.
Muzaffar, Mohammad Reza. (2009) Principles of Jurisprudence, Beirut, Islamic Knowledge Publishing, two volumes (In Persian).
M, Kaur.S. (2017) "Recent Advancement in Human Reproduction Three-parent Babies: A Technique to Neutralize Mitochondrial Disease Load—A Boon or a Bane for Society?", Current Trends in diagnosis & Treatment, 1(2):100-103
Najafi, Mohammad Hassan. (1981) Jawahar al-Kalam, Beirut, Dar al-Ahya al-Tarath al-Arabi, forty-three volumes(In Arabic)..
Nouri, Mirza Hussein. (1988) Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, Qom: Al-Bayt Institute for the Revival of Heritage, 29 vols(In Arabic).
Rahmani Manshadi, Hamid. (2008) "The legitimacy of the alternative uterus in jurisprudential thought", Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics, No. 3: 157-195 (In Persian).
Rezania Moallem, Mohammad Reza. (2005) Medical fertility from the perspective of jurisprudence and law, Qom, Bustan Book, first edition (In Persian).
Rezvantalab, Mohammad Reza, Taghipour, Bahram Maleki, Marzieh. (2021), "Evaluation of legitimacy of mitochondrial transfer therapy",Scientific and Research Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, No. 23: 333-360 (In Persian).
P., Stephens .N, Dimond .R. (2018) "Narrating the First “Three-Parent Baby": The Initial Press Reactions from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico, Science Communication, 40(4), 419-441 .
Shahid Thani, Zainuddin. (1993) Masalak al-Afham to Tanqih Sharia al-Islam, Qom, Institute of Islamic Knowledge, fifteen volumes (In Persian).
Sistani, Seyed Ali. (n.d.) The rule of no harm and no harm, Publications of the school of Grand Ayatollah Al-Sayyid Al-Sistani, one volume (In Persian).
Tabatabai, Seyed Mohammad Hossein. (2015) Al-Mizan, Beirut, Scientific Institute for Publications, twenty volumes(In Persian).
Tabatabai, Seyed Mohammad Hossein. (1982) The End of Wisdom, Qom, Islamic Publishing Office affiliated with the seminary teachers' association (In Persian).
Taghipour, Bahram. (2018) "Embryo Trade in Domestic and International Law", Quarterly Journal of Private Law Studies, No. 4: 628-621 (In Persian).
رضوان طلب, محمدرضا, & ملکی, مرضیه. (1400). بررسی فقهی کودکان سه والدی بر اساس نظرات امام خمینی (ره). پژوهشنامه متین, 23(92), 91-122. doi: 10.22034/matin.2022.204145.1527
MLA
محمدرضا رضوان طلب; مرضیه ملکی. "بررسی فقهی کودکان سه والدی بر اساس نظرات امام خمینی (ره)". پژوهشنامه متین, 23, 92, 1400, 91-122. doi: 10.22034/matin.2022.204145.1527
HARVARD
رضوان طلب, محمدرضا, ملکی, مرضیه. (1400). 'بررسی فقهی کودکان سه والدی بر اساس نظرات امام خمینی (ره)', پژوهشنامه متین, 23(92), pp. 91-122. doi: 10.22034/matin.2022.204145.1527
VANCOUVER
رضوان طلب, محمدرضا, ملکی, مرضیه. بررسی فقهی کودکان سه والدی بر اساس نظرات امام خمینی (ره). پژوهشنامه متین, 1400; 23(92): 91-122. doi: 10.22034/matin.2022.204145.1527