https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/ Matin Research Journal en daily 1 Sat, 12 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 12 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_224749.html The thematic scope of the science of jurisprudence (fiqh) and the emergence of new issues alongside the limitations of the sources and evidences of this knowledge present a serious challenge for jurists (fuqahā); especially for those jurists who, on one hand, consider the scope of jurisprudence to be maximal, and on the other hand, exercise great precision in basing their religious edicts (fatāwa) on authentic evidences. One of the strategies available to these jurists is to pay attention to the unknown or less recognized capacities of the sources, including the neglected capacities of the Qur'an; whether in the form of focusing on verses that had not previously been counted among the verses of rulings (āyāt al-aḥkām), or in the form of deepening the conceptual understanding and expanding the applicability of verses whose legal content has generally been considered. Neglecting this matter will result in the continued marginalization of the Holy Qur'an in jurisprudential discussions. In the present writing, to achieve a sample of greater utilization of the jurisprudential capacities of the Qur'anic verses, the jurisprudential verses cited by Imam Khomeini in the book Wilāyat al-Faqīh (Guardianship of the Jurist) will be examined using a descriptive-analytical method, and ... https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_232181.html Identifying the personality type of individuals and providing advice appropriate to it is an accepted matter in the fields of education, employment, study, and success. The acceptance of this view has led to the pluralistic interpretation of famous works in mysticism, such: "There are as many paths to God as there are people". The issue of this research is why Imam Khomeini has drawn various models to explain Spiritual Development. The present paper, while criticizing psychological explanations, seeks the function of linguistic explanations to solve this problem. Lakoff and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphors under cognitive linguistics shows us that the diversity and multiplicity of behavioral patterns in Imam Khomeini's works is related to his use of diverse linguistic models. Because the phenomenon of spiritual evolution is abstract and complex to provide a multidimensional understanding of it, the Imam's statement in the position of imitation is pluralistic, but this is not evidence of his acceptance of behavioral pluralism based on the diversity of personality types. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_233268.html In this article, the anthropological and epistemological foundations of the secrets of prayer from the perspective of Imam Khomeini are explored, with a focus on his two key works: Adab al-Salah and, Sirr al-Salah. One of the innovations in Adab al-Salah is the idea that the spiritual elevation of prayer is contingent upon anthropological and epistemological principles. The significance of this issue is such that, without achieving a precise understanding of oneself and one’s own knowledge, there is no way to reform and elevate the spiritual level of prayer. This article demonstrates that in Adab al-Salah, the study of prayer progresses in tandem with anthropology and epistemology. The article reaches two important conclusions: First conclusion: Prayer, like humanity, is composed of both external and internal dimensions. The perfection of prayer depends on transcending its external layer and reaching its deeper, internal essence. Second conclusion: In prayer, in addition to the use of language, we can also employ the cognitive faculties of the intellect or the heart in two states of "Magam Anna" and "Magam Kanna" thus experiencing four types of prayer: linguistic, intellectual, spiritual, and visionary. The heart is the focal point of epistemological discussions on prayer. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_234255.html From the Shiite hadith texts, it can be understood that the Imamis believe in three types of infallibility: first, infallibility from sin, which is possible for everyone; second, infallibility from error, mistake, oversight, and forgetfulness, which is specific to the prophets of God. However, another type of infallibility that Shiite mystics have paid more attention to, namely, “infallibility from ignorance,” is a mystical position specific to the fourteen infallibles. Imam Khomeini, with a mystical perspective based on the fact that the truth of Muhammad is the manifestation of the comprehensive name “Allah,” explains the knowledge of the infallibles in such a way that whenever they want to know something, they will know it, and therefore they have infallibility from ignorance. Of course, the will of the infallibles is subordinate to the will of God because they are in a position of complete servitude, and this causes them not to focus on their knowledge in matters that God does not will. The present study, using an analytical method, aims to explain the mystical position of “infallibility from ignorance” from the Shiite mystical perspective, with a special focus on the views of Imam Hemmat. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_234354.html Political Islam in Iran, which emerged in the 1920s and within the ideological conflicts that dominated the second Pahlavi era, belongs to those Islamic movements that seek to establish an Islamic state. Supporters of this discourse, emphasizing the non-separation of religion from politics, seek a society whose laws originate from Islamic principles, because they believe that Islam is higher than theories based on human reason and has a comprehensive theory about society and politics. The present study aims to comprehensively understand the obvious and hidden aspects of the emergence of this discourse and, using Skinner's intentional hermeneutic method, seeks to answer the question of what practical and ideological context political Islam was born in Iran? The findings of the study show that the ideological context of this discourse was shaped by the Brotherhood and jurisprudence texts on the one hand, and its practical context was shaped by the Constitutional Revolution and the anti-religious policies of the Pahlavi government on the other. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_240156.html The issue of innate apostasy and the limits of its realization is one of the controversial issues in Imamiyyah criminal jurisprudence, which, due to its severe penal consequences, requires careful determination of the issue and evidence. One of the important assumptions in this regard is the status of a "follower Muslim"; a person who was considered a Muslim in childhood due to his or her father or mother, but after reaching puberty, without declaring Islam, adopts disbelief. Imam Khomeini (RA) considered the realization of innate apostasy conditional on declaring Islam after puberty, and accordingly, considered Islam follower not sufficient for the validity of this title. Nevertheless, he continued to consider such a person subject to the ruling of a national apostate.The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and an inferential approach, examines the duality of Imam Khomeini's (RA) opinion on this issue, and while distinguishing between the negation of innate apostasy and the flow of the national apostasy ruling, it evaluates the jurisprudential foundations of each based on texts, rules of criminal jurisprudence, and principles of ijtihad. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_240602.html Abstract“Hidden Shirk” (subtle polytheism), acting as the most concealed veil obstructing pure Monotheism, is a pivotal concept in Imam Khomeini’s practical mysticism and ethical system. Moving beyond mere enumeration, this research utilizes a descriptive-analytical method to examine his key works and establish a structured typology of this phenomenon. Findings indicate that Hidden Shirk manifests within four intertwined domains: 1) The theoretical domain, rooted in the illusion of independent existence for contingent beings and reliance on causes; 2) The psychological domain, manifesting as egoism and self-love; 3) The devotional domain, appearing as ostentation and self-conceit; and 4) The social domain, demonstrated through flattery and fear of entities other than God. Consequently, Hidden Shirk is a systemic affliction stemming from weakness in “Divine Unity of Actions” (Tawhid-e Af’ali), corrupting both heart and deed. In Imam Khomeini’s thought, the remedy is a gradual spiritual process beginning with realizing Divine Unity and correcting epistemological errors. It continues through practical disciplines like sincerity of intention, struggle against the self, and cardiac detachment. Ultimately, this process yields existential sincerity, purifying devotional motivations from any reliance on or attachment to other-than-God. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_240932.html The subject of this article is the analysis of Imam Khomeini's ethical thought from the point of view of ethical objectivism and realism. By analyzing the moral thought of Imam Khomeini, based on which, on the one hand, the concepts and moral judgments as rules and requirements of the fixed and identical human innate nature with the characteristics of generality, indisputability and unchangeability don’t have any dependence on time and place conditions, individual states and social and cultural conditions, and on the other hand, the essential beauty and ugliness of actions is emphasized, it was discussed that this view falls under ethical objectivism. Also, this view can be considered realistic, which is explained both in connection with the realities of human nature and general innate natural tendencies and the essential characteristics of verbs. Of course, this type of realism is a type of unnatural realism, based on which moral concepts are not of the type of natural attributes or substantive concepts, but rather of the type of philosophical concepts that the intellect abstracts them from the essence of actions as real things and their causal relationship with perfection and imperfection of human. . https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_241139.html The Quran is a truth manifested from the divine realm to the heart of Perfect Man. This mystical truth, in terms of possessing all ranks of existence, has a close connection with Perfect Man, and in fact, it is a complete adaptation. The common mystical aspects of this union according to viewpoint of Imam Khomeini is the place to follow and investigate this article. In this way, by reflecting on the genetic and legislative relationship between the existential ranks of perfect man and truth of the Quran in two arcs of descent and ascent, the conclusion was reached that first place of the descent of the Quran and second place of its truth is knowledge of God, which descends from position of unity of essence or position of determining The name al-Mutaklam corresponds to the perfect man. The arc of the revelation of Qur'an is in harmony with determination of a perfect man in every level and status, and both them are related in terms of having the position of unseen awareness, the form of Supreme Name, the plural position of beautiful and glorious names, appropriateness with degrees of existence and nominal Lordship of man, according to Seven Subtleties. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_242714.html The purpose of this article is to study the conceptual metaphor of the Love in the poetry of Imam Khomeini (may God bless him) based on framework of cognitive linguistics. This study is conducted based on the cognitive theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The statistical population of this research consists of the collected poems of Imam Khomeini, with all the verses considered as the sample for analysis. The present study is library-based and descriptive-analytical, and the data were examined through content analysis. This article seeks to answer the following questions: what types of metaphors did Imam Khomeini use to express the abstract concept of Love in his poetry, and from which source domains did he draw to describe these concepts? The results of this research indicate that among the various types of conceptual metaphors, ontological metaphors are the most frequently used in his poems, and among the source domains, the highest frequency pertains, in order, to light, wine, and suffering/grief. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_242825.html Balanced governance is one of the key concepts in political and management studies, which in religious and Islamic systems is linked to indicators such as justice, accountability, efficiency, and human dignity. Imam Khomeini's Eight-Point Decree, as one of the progressive documents following the Islamic Revolution of Iran, presents a coherent set of principles of Islamic governance and is considered a blend of jurisprudence, ethics, and practical management. Given the importance of the topic and the existing research gap, the present essay, with an analytical and content-oriented approach, has identified and examined six main axes of Imam Khomeini's Eight-Point Decree. These include: justice and the implementation of religious law, human dignity and the inviolability of private life, accountability and mutual oversight, efficiency and transparency, the limits of power in security and exceptional circumstances, and the link between judicial justice and public trust. Content analysis of this decree indicates that Imam Khomeini defined balanced governance by observing a balance between power, people's rights, institutional accountability, and the precise administration of justice, and considered the limitation of power even in critical conditions as a prerequisite for the government's legitimacy. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_244959.html This article adopts a comparative-analytical method to examine the epistemological, anthropological, and political foundations of the political thought of Imam Khomeini and John Locke. Its central question addresses how each thinker conceptualizes the desirable political order based on their respective understandings of human nature, knowledge, the source of political authority, and the purpose of government. Imam Khomeini’s political philosophy is grounded in the interplay among Tawhid, Sharia, religious rationality, guardianship, and popular participation in establishing a political order. By contrast, Locke articulates a distinct model predicated on natural rights, individual consent, the social contract, and religious toleration.The findings indicate that the contrast between these two perspectives cannot be reduced to simplistic binaries, such as “divine legitimacy” versus “popular legitimacy” or “religion” versus “reason.” In Imam Khomeini’s framework, public acceptance, political rationality, and public interest play integral roles alongside divine law. Likewise, Locke’s theory of natural rights and political order is not entirely detached from theological foundations. The article concludes that a balanced comparison must consider both fundamental differences and shared concerns, including justice, political accountability, public order, and human dignity. Therefore, comprehending these two theories necessitates a nuanced and context-sensitive approach. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_245175.html The expansion of municipal responsibilities in the implementation of public and urban development projects often results in the acquisition of private land and the infringement of property rights. A key issue arises where the conduct, representations, or omissions of a municipality create misleading reliance and deception on the part of the property owner. In such circumstances, determining the legal basis of municipal civil liability and the relevance of jurisprudential principles becomes essential.This study examines the applicability of the Rule of Ghurur (deception) as a foundation for municipal civil liability, with particular emphasis on the jurisprudential views of Imam Khomeini (RA) within Imami jurisprudence. The main research question is whether a municipality, upon the realization of Ghurur, bears liability for compensating the damages suffered by the property owner.Using a descriptive–analytical method and drawing on jurisprudential and legal sources, the findings demonstrate that, according to Imam Khomeini’s analysis, the elements of Ghurur apply equally to natural and legal persons. Accordingly, a municipality acting as the deceiver (Ghar) is liable for compensation. Moreover, the Rule of Ghurur constitutes an independent basis for municipal civil liability, capable of addressing the limitations of Itlaf and Tasbib https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_245984.html The experience of the Guardian Council &the challenges of this institution during the Islamic Republic period became the background and motivation of this research with the aim of finding a solution to overcome the challenge.This article, with the library-document method, is a comparative study of the Guardian Council in the two constitutional laws and the Islamic Republic.with reference to the similar European institution&stating their differences, as well as the advantages&shortcomings of the Guardian Council, and making a proposal in order to improve The Guardian Council deals with&finally wants to solve the problem of the relationship between the new political science&Sharia through the theory of building a new institution as an alternative to the Guardian Council.The idea of forming a new parliament, which in this treatise has been called"Senate"according to the world's parliamentary custom and can have other names, is the focus of article discussion.The result of the research is that by transitioning from legal epistemology and examining its legal documents, it provides a solution for democratizing the Constitutional Council as well as how to monitor legislation."The Senate" is sometimes proposed by some researchers as a general idea, &in this treatise, the theory of the Islamic Senate is formulated https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_231833.html Ethnical independence movements have been one of the challenges faced by the Islamic Republic after the revolution, among which Kurds independence movement made more cost for the republic and continues till now. This movement tended to be an armed movement only one week after the revolution, and supported by the Iraqi enemy during the war period. After the war the movement continued and the Kurds take every opportunity to seek their independence as one of counterrevolution forces. The main question raised in this paper is whether the wish of independence is democratically possible or it is only a cover for foreign governments and regional rivals to weaken Iran and motivate its cessation. Employing situational analysis and taking into account that ethnical identity like other social identities is usually manipulated by power institutions for their purposes, this paper shows that Iranian ethnical independence is democratically impossible. In conclusion, any sort of federal systems for a country like Iran with multiple ethnicities and thousands of years history is not viable. https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_236871.html A perfect and healthy man is one of the ancient and valuable topics in anthropology, and the methods of achieving it differ in schools of thought. Using descriptive and analytical methods with a comparative approach, the present study examined and analyzed Imam Khomeini´s opinions and western schools of psychology on the subject of a perfect and healthy man. The results showed that in twentieth-century psychology, four schools of psychological thoughts were formed, including those of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and cognition. These schools focus mainly on the healthy person, improving mental health, and developing individual talents. Humanistic psychology proposes a concept such as "self-actualization" that is comparable more or less with the concept of a perfect man, while the other schools focus more on the behavioral and mental processes. From Imam Khomeini's point of view, a perfect man is defined by their spiritual growth and self-improvement, awareness of the divine essence, connection with the infallibles, and playing social and political roles. Although some characteristics of man, such as self-knowledge and comprehensive growth, are common to humanistic psychology schools and Imam Khomeini's point of... https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_238184.html Human labor is among the benefits that have all the characteristics of property. The guarantee of prohibition and restriction of work is a theory according to which, if a person unjustifiably prevents a person who is ready for business from doing his work, he will be obliged to pay the damages. Imam Khomeini has expressed two different views regarding the obvious example of this issue, namely the imprisonment of a businessman; Sometimes, following popular opinion, the prison is not required to pay damages and sometimes it is required to provide bail. From the point of view of the wise, a ban on work is considered a loss and must be compensated. In addition, it is a kind of denial of benefit, and the destruction of benefit is traditionally an example of loss and guarantee. The rule of respect for inalienable property also stipulates that the loser is a guarantor of the loss of property that belongs to a person. A clear example is getting iodine More about this source textSource text required for additional translation informationSend feedbackSide panels https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_250574.html This study aims to reinterpret the hierarchical functions of reason in Imam Khomeini’s juridical reasoning and to elucidate their gradual expansion in response to social issues. The research adopts an analytical reconstruction method centered on the argumentative text of al-Makāsib al-Muḥarrama. The findings indicate that the function of reason—without any change in its essential nature as a means of discovery—can be reconstructed in a four level model based on the object of cognition: (1) reason in the mode of discovery, referring to the ontological apprehension of rulings and their underlying rationales in individual acts; (2) reason in the mode of evaluation, involving methodological assessment of textual indications and the resolution of evidentiary conflicts; (3) reason in the mode of structural analysis, which examines the internal logic of legal constructs and social relations; and (4) reason in the mode of strategic analysis, concerned with evaluating macro level interests and managing the social order as an integrated whole. The study concludes that governmental jurisprudence in Imam Khomeini’s thought represents the expansion of the functional scope of reason from rule based micro level analyses toward comprehensive guidance and the management of social systems. This model https://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_252993.html Part of the article 1050 and 1050 means that marriage with religious women is a source of eternal sanctity, provided there is knowledge or obtainingstewardship; Onthe otherhand, according to the definition of the article of 1054 B.C. Adultery with a non-Religious believer does not lead to eternal sanctity. This is the reason why it is believed that marriage with non-regressive adulterous women is punishable, but adultery with those women is not subject to such punishment, and therefore there is an unjustifiable difference between the above articles. In this research, the jurisprudential evidences of the aforementioned articles wereanalyzed descriptively and analytically, and it was found that adultery with adulterous women, unlike marriage with them, does not lead to eternal sanctity, and the appearance of Article 1054 is in accordance with the popular opinion and against the correct opinion. In addition, the difference between the two mentioned issues is logical; Because eternal sanctity is a punishment that is imposed on people due to committing certain actions: In a scholarly marriage with an adulterer, the cunning of the persons is a cause of eternal sanctity, while the adulterer of the adulterer is not cunning;