Abstract:
According to the author, the Prophet of Islam, as the founder of the Islamic nation, mixed political requirements with religious requirements. The author considers the true meaning of "politics" to be "governing", so his main concern in this long article is more focused on the fact that, from the point of view of Islamic thinkers, he has not paid much attention to "who should rule" and "how the ruler should rule". . From the writer's point of view, the rule of the Prophet of Islam based on the book of God - the Qur'an - over the Ummah has legal legitimacy [according to the meaning of these two words], but the question "Who should rule?"Immediately after the death of the Prophet, it was brought up and became one of the old and deep-rooted conflicts in the history of Islamic culture, which led to the formation of intellectual, verbal and political conflicts in the history of Islam, and even in this matter, Islamic thinkers sought help from the ideas of Greek thinkers. . The author of this article traces the roots of this conflict in the history of Islam after the death of the Prophet and further searches for the entry of the ideas of Greek sages such as Plato and Aristotle in the field of Islamic culture and their influence on the formation of the ideas of Kennedy and Farabi and... Draws a picture And it shows issues such as the influence of Plato's ideal city-state on Medina and the philosopher Shah as the true imam and the first ruler of the Ummah according to Farabi - while discussing about Farabi's political philosophy. In this process, the author carefully analyzes the political philosophy of "Akhwan al-Safa" and "Kandi", "Farabi" and "Avicenna", "Ibn Bajaj and Ibn Tufail" and "Ibn Rushd".
Machine summary:
In the 3rd century AH / 9th AD, their followers limited themselves to the ethics of the individual in the community and continued the tradition of Islamic-non-Islamic wise words: although the first great Arab philosopher Kandi (around 185 AH / 801 AD - 252 AH / 866 AD) And more clearly, his younger contemporary Qasta Ibn Luqa (who flourished around the years 205 AH / 820 AD - 300 AH / 912 AD) knew that Aristotle had divided practical wisdom into three types: ethics, domestic management, and civil politics. In these areas, they attribute to AristotleThese works themselves apparently were not available to them; The Nicomachean Ethics was translated later, and of Aristotle's treatise on politics, apparently only a part was available to the Arabs in the form of a free translation or an abridgment prepared in the Roman or Hellenistic period. This philosopher (see below) under the influence of Aristotle, Sunnah Masha'i, Plato and Neo-Platonist tendencies, created a philosophical system which is at the same time a reaction to the common debates about the role of the Imam.That is, should his science be based on divine inspiration and confirm the prophecy of political authority? These questions were discussed in the debates between Abu Hatem Razi Ismaili Madhab and Abu Bakr Razi, a famous physician and philosopher, who were present in Ray between the years 318 AH / 930 AD and 320 AH / 932 AD or probably earlier before the year 313 AH / 925 AD When the ruling man was done, he rose.