Abstract:
The author intends to deal with the "historical criticism" of Ibn Khaldoun's account of the Ashura tragedy in the form of a scientific method. What makes it difficult is the lack of clear and prominent examples for historical criticism - at least among Persian language historical researches. Therefore, at the beginning of the article, the main concepts of the research are defined and indexed, and then the desired event is criticized based on the definitions provided.
Machine summary:
"Because the author considers himself unable to provide a final judgment on this matter, he only limits himself to recalling a few minutes: firstly, as it was said before, Ibn Khaldun was a Maliki of the religion. Ibn Khaldun also referred to the developments in another place. The course of Imam Hossein (AS) and the tragedy of Ashura - but this time - has been discussed in detail, and that chapter is the 30th chapter of the introduction [1375 Vol. 1: 402-418] with the title "In the Province of the Covenant".. With these considerations, some points follow in the form of interpretation of the text in question: 1- As mentioned above, Ibn Khaldun, as a Maliki Sunni, could not include religious beliefs in his historiography. Abul-Ali Maududi is one of these prominent theorists who, in his valuable book, Caliphate and Monarchy in Islam, listed the features of Muawiya's monarchy in comparison with the previous caliphs and explained Muawiya's political and religious deviations.One of them is: - Change in the method of appointing the caliph: the caliphs before Muawiya did not rise up to gain the caliphate, but Muawiya sought to make himself caliph anyway, and when he sat on the throne of the caliphate, he chose someone to oppose him. It was not and he had to swear allegiance. But regarding Ibn Khaldoun's statement that Muawiyah acted on the basis of justice and considered the political interests of the Islamic community.And we cannot expect anything else from the companions of the Messenger of God, we only need to quote the first speech of Muawiyah after assuming the caliphate in the eyes of the people of Medina to find out that the rule of the kingdom of Muawiyah without any mention of the Prophet's tradition and life was the status of a worldly monarchy. It was that he completely ignored the "belief" and adherence to it:..."