Matin Research Journal

Matin Research Journal

Fundamental Difference between Rule of Bona Fide and Contract of Bailment and Its Effects with an Emphasis on Imam Khomeini’s Opinion

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
mohsen vaseghi 1
Seyedeh Fatemeh Hashemi 2
mohammad mahryar 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Payam Nour University, Tehran, Iran .
2 Assistant Professor, University of Religions and Religious Denominations, Qom, Iran (Corresponding Author)
3 Assistant Professor, University of Religions and Religious Denominations, Qom, Iran .
10.22034/matin.2023.169661.1359
Abstract
 
The rule of bona fide and contract of bailment are two important principles in extinguishing liability. Readdressing these two principles is important given the fact that in the majority of jurisprudential texts they are invoked for extinguishing liabilities. However, there is no clear-cut demarcation in the words of jurists in relation with inclusiveness of the two principles. Understanding proportionality of the two principles can bring about important effects on the majority of jurisprudential and legal issues. From among the arguments Imam Khomeini has made in his jurisprudential works, it can be understood that the issue governing the rule of bona fide is the permission by Sharia law and rationals for its loss or corresponding action. Therefore, wherever exigency of loss is stronger than its corruption, it shall be a reason for enforcement of the rule of bona fide. For that reason, the issue of contract of bailment is indelible and the permission by owner and Sharia law go counter to exigency of loss and corresponding action. Also, Imam Khomeini’s approach toward the two principles regarding their relationship with the general evidence on liability is this that removing rule of bona fide from the evidence on liability is a specialized issue and withdrawal of the contract of bailment depends upon specification of generalities. This paper studies the effects resulting from clarification of the substantive difference between the two principles, among which lack of possibility to stipulate responsibility and liability in rule of bona fide and the possibility of conditioning liability in the contract of bailment can be underscored.
Keywords
specialized withdrawal
appropriated withdrawal
liability
rule of bona fide
contract of bailment
object of permission

Subjects

-  Abasi Sarmadi,  M. &  Mashayekh,  M . (2014). A Jurisprudential Study of the Condition of Trustee after Mending a Betrayal With Special Reference to Imam Khomeini’s Viewpoints. Matin Research Journal, 16(63), 105-120.    dor: 20.1001.1.24236462.1393.16.63.5.4
 - Allama Hilli, H. (1993). Various Shiites in the provisions of Sharia (mukhtalif alshiyeat fi ‘ahkam alshariea). Qom: Islamic Publications Office.  [In Arabic]
 - Allama Hilli, H. (1994). Tadhkirat alfuqaha. Qom: Al-Bayt Institute. [In Arabic]
-  Ansari, M. (1995).  Kitab al-Makasib. World Congress of Commemoration of Sheikh Azam Ansari, Qom – Iran. [In Arabic]
- Araki, M.A.(1999). Nikah book. Qom: Nur Negar.
-  Bahr al-Uloom, M. (1983). Bilgha al-Faqeeh. Tehran: Maktaba al-Sadiq. [In Arabic]
-  Emami, S. H. (1997) Civil Rights, Tehran: Islamiac. [In Persian]
-   Ishtardi, A. P .(1997). Madarik al-Urwa, Tehran: Dar al-Uswa. [In Arabic]
-  Esfahani, M. H. (1989).  Kitab al-Ijara. Qom: Islamic Publishing House. [In Arabic]
-  Fayoumi, A. (n.d.). The illuminating lamp in the strange great explanation of Al-Rafi’i (Almisbah almunir fi gharyb alsharh alkabir lilraafiei). Qom: Dar al-Razi. [In Arabic]
-    Fazel Lankarani, M. (2004). Jurisprudential rules. Qom: Mehr publications. [In Arabic]
-  Golpaygani, S.M. R. (1993). Hidayat al-Abad, Dar al-Qur’an al-Karim. Qom - Iran. [In Arabic]
-  Hurr Amili, M. (1989). Al-Wasal al-Shi’a. Qom: Al-Al-Bayt Institute. [In Arabic]
-  Hashemi Shahroudi, M. (2011). Encyclopedia of Comparative Islamic Jurisprudence. Qom: Institute of Islamic Jurisprudence Encyclopaedia on the Religion of Ahl al-Bayt. [In Arabic]
-  Ibn Idris Hilli, M. (1990). Answers to questions and messages in the various arts of knowledge (Ajvabatualmasayil w rasayil fi mukhtalif funun almaerifat).Qom: dalile ma. [In Arabic]
-  Ibn Manzoor, M. (1994). Arab Language (lesan al arab.) Beirut: Dar al-Fekr. [In Arabic]
-  Muhaqaq Karaki, A. (1994). Collector purposes in explaining the rules (Jamie almaqasid fi sharh alqawaeid). Qom: Al-Bayt Institute. [In Arabic]
-  Kashif al-Ghita, H. (2002). Anwar al-Fiqahah-Kitab al-Makaseb. Najaf: Kashif al-Ghita Institute. [In Arabic]
- Katouzian, Nasser (2011). Non-contractual requirements. Tehran: Tehran University Press. [In Persian]
-  Emami Khwansari,M. (n.d.) A second footnote on the gain(Hashiatan Thaniatan ealaa almakasibi) . [In Arabic]
-  Khoei, S.A. (1998). Encyclopedia of Imam Al-Khoei (mawsueat al’iimam alkhawyiy). Qom: Foundation for the Revival of the Relics of Imam Al-Khoei.[In Arabic]
-  Khomeini, S. R. (1995) Kitab al-Makasib, Tehran: Imam Khomeini Editing and Publishing Institute. . [In Arabic]
-  Khomeini, S.R. (2001) Kitab al-Bai. Tehran: Imam Khomeini Editing and Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
-  Khomeini, S.R. (1998) Kitab al-Bai (Khorramabadi Commentaries). Tehran: Imam Khomeini Editing and Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
-  Khomeini, S.R. (2000). Al-Rashah al-Ashrah. Tehran: Imam Khomeini Editing and Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
-  Majlesi, M. B. (1996). A haven for the good in understanding the refinement of news(Maladh al’akhyar fi fahm tahdhib al’akhbar). Qom: Publications of the book of Ayatollah Marashi Najafi. [In Arabic]
-  Makarem Shirazi, N. (1991). Jurisprudential rules(Alqawaeid alfiqhia), Qom: Madrasah of Imam Amir al-Momineen. [In Arabic]
-  Maraghi, S. M. (1997). Jurisprudential titles. Qom: Islamic publications book.[In Arabic]
-  Mirzai Shirazi, M. (1992). Hashiya al-Makaseb. Qom: Sharif Razi’s manifestos. [In Arabic]
-  Mousavi Bojunordi, S.M. (1981). Jurisprudential rules(qawaeid fiqhia). Tehran: Aruj Institute. [In Persian]
-  Naraghi, A. (1997). Awaed al-Ayyam fi Bayan Qawaeid al-Ahkam. Qom: Islamic Propagation Center of Howzah . [In Arabic]
- Noori, F. (1994). message in the rule of guaranteeing the hand(risalat fi qaeidat zeman alyad). Qom: Islamic Publishing House. [In Arabic]
-  Rashti, M. (n.d.) Kitab Al-Ghasb. [In Arabic]
- Rashti, M. (1892) Kitab al-Ijara. [In Arabic]
- Rouhani, S. (1992). Fiqh al-Sadiq, Qom: Dar al-Kitab. [In Arabic]
-  Sabzevari, S. A. (1993). Mohzab Al-Ahkam.  Qom: Al-Manar Institute. [In Arabic]
- Sadr, M.B. (1988). Research in explaining Al-Urwa Al-Wuthqa. Qom: Martyr Ayat al-Sadr Complex. [In Arabic]
-  Saeidi, Y. (2022). A Study of the Rule of Beneficence in Extinction of Civil and Criminal Liability in Law and Islamic Jurisprudence with an Approach Based on Imam Khomeini’s Views. Matin Research Journal, 24(95), 81-99. doi: 10.22034/MATIN.2022.129068.1176    dor:  20.1001.1.24236462.1401.24.95.4.3                                                                   
- Seyed Morteza, A. (1995). Al-Intisar. Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
-  Shahid al-Awwal, J . (n.d.) rules and benefits(alqawaeid w alfawayid). Qom: Mofid Book House. [In Arabic]
- Shahid Thani, Z.(1989). Al-Rawda al-Bahiyya fi Sharh al-Loma› al-Dameshqiyya, Qom: Davari Book House. [In Arabic]
-  Tabatabaei Haeri, S.A (1998). Riyadh issues. Qom: Al al-Bayt Institute. [In Arabic]
-  Tousi, M. (1968). Al-Mabusut fi fiqh al-Imamiya. Tehran: al-Murtazawi Library for the Revival of Antiquities. [In Arabic]
-  Tusi, M. (1987). Tahzeeb Al-Ahkam. Tehran: Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiya. [In Arabic]
-  Yazdi, M. (2001). Hashiya Al-Makasab, Qom: Ismailian Institute. [In Arabic]
 
Matin Research Journal
Volume 25, Issue 98
Spring 2023
Pages 181-206