Abstract:
This article, which is presented in two parts, examines the positions of the major Shiite authorities regarding the pattern and process of modernization in the country during the second Pahlavi period (1357-1320), and the current article is devoted to the positions of Imam Khomeini. In this article, the positions of Imam Khomeini in three periods of 1340-1320 and also 1343-1340 and 1357-1343 have been discussed separately.In addition to analyzing the reasons for Imam Khomeini's critical approach to the economic, cultural, political and social modernization model of Pahlavi II, specifically Imam's positions towards the White Revolution, land reforms, political participation of women and minorities, as well as cultural, social and civil reforms are studied. is placed Based on the results of this research, Imam Khomeini, while supporting all kinds of real reforms based on his theoretical and rationalistic foundations, he considered the specific model of modernization during the Pahlavi II era as a perverted, colonial and imitation model of modernization, and its executors and designers are leaders of modernization agents. The era of Reza Shah and the agents of colonialismwhose performance has had no result except the destruction and dependence of the country. In fact, Imam's criticisms were a reaction against the lack of modernization of the country, and he believed that the mentioned model will not only not lead to real reforms, but will also lead to the country's lack of progress and dependency and the destruction of the country's economy, politics and culture.
Machine summary:
In this article, an attempt is made to answer the question why Imam Khomeini (pbuh) as a principled Shiite jurist who naturally should support the progress and progress in the country, does not take supportive positions towards the Shah's actions? Did he not accept the special reading of the Shah's regime from modernization, or were there other concerns that caused this? Our hypothesis is this: Imam Khomeini (pbuh) was a supporter of all kinds of rational and social transformations based on his rationalistic and realistic theoretical foundations.However, he considered the particular model of modernization during the Pahlavi II era as a colonial, imitative and incomplete model that had destructive consequences for the economy, politics and culture of the country, and in fact, he considered this model to be against the modernization and development of the country. About 45 speeches and messages from Imam Khomeini (pbuh) have been recorded and included in the books of Sahifa Noor during the years 1343 to 1356, and the analysis of the content of these messages and speeches shows that Imam is trying from one side.In order to introduce the nature of reforms of modernization school theorists as non-native and national, to consider them in line with the goals of colonialism, and on the other hand, to falsify the claim that clerics are against the country's progress and development, and to emphasize that colonialism is one of the important obstacles to domination. It considers itself the Islamic and Quranic culture, as well as the clergy (as the guardians of this culture) and therefore seeks to destroy the fight against them.