Abstract:
Despite the extensive and relatively comprehensive research that has been done so far around Ayatollah Modares, important parts of his intellectual and political endeavors are still in an aura of uncertainty. Undoubtedly, one of the prominent but unknown periods of his life is his dominant role in the political developments of the years of World War I in Iran.The violation of Iran's neutrality and the invasion of the country's territory led to important events such as the "migration" movement and the attempt to transfer the capital from Tehran to Isfahan. In the meantime, Modares, who had given new dimensions to his political activities by leading the political-religious movement known as the "Faculty of Education" in the third parliament, joined the movement together with other defenders of the homeland, which culminated in the declaration of war against the governments of Stilagros and England. The formation of the "national government" was in KermanshahThis article tries to study the untold aspects of the political life of Madras in the mentioned period by relying on the original documents and sources, taking into account the historical dynamics of the events and their consequences.
Machine summary:
In the meantime, Modares, who had given new dimensions to his political activities by leading the political-religious movement known as the "Faculty of Education" in the third parliament, joined the movement together with other defenders of the homeland, which culminated in the declaration of war against the governments of Stilagros and England. The formation of the "national government" was in Kermanshah. Russia to Iran, which led to the dissolution of the second parliament and the establishment of the dictatorship of Nasser al-MulkFinally, on the eve of the First World War, Nasser al-Mulk, the Viceroy, faced with the growing force of freedom-seekers and political circles, especially the activities of the Tabriz State Association, the developments in international relations and the coming of age of the Shah, inevitably issued the decree for the election of the third parliament in the name of Sultan Ahmad Shah and himself The speed left the country.Now, by inciting national and religious feelings and inciting the hatred of Iranians against the Allies (Russia and England), as well as proposing the necessity of defending the homeland and liberating the country by creating Democratic Party committees and expanding press activity throughout the country, the atmosphere of the parliament and the political atmosphere They took Iran with them. During a series of meetings and discussions with the democrats and representatives of Germany, especially after the withdrawal of the Shah and the government delegation from joining the immigration movement, there were changes in the composition of the board of directors of the National Defense Committee, during which the representatives of other factions, including Seyed Hassan Modares They were at the head of it.