Abstract:
There is no doubt that the political thought of Shia during the time of occultation faced many practical difficulties and theoretical shortcomings in the way of formulating the theoretical foundations of a theocracy or designing a political revolution. By evaluating these inadequacies and overviews in the political reflections of Shia scholars, the article examines this issue with respect to its development stages until the emergence of Imam Khomeini (PBUH). According to the author's belief, the Imam's political thought until the beginning of the 1340s was actually the continuation of the theoretical approach of the previous scholars to the issue of government;The main difference is that the Imam devoted all his efforts to creating a "religious community" regardless of the form and nature of its government. In his opinion, the crisis caused by the lack of good governance can be overcome with the lever of continuous supervision of religious scholars on politics and government, and this attitude was considered a step forward according to the thinking of his predecessors and contemporaries.Finally, the article studies the reasons and how the political thought of Imam Khomeini (pbuh) changed from a religious society to a religious government, taking into account the socio-political contexts of the Iranian society throughout the 1340s, and the factors and issues that caused the Imam's confrontation with It examines the established system and realizing its irreparable natureIn general, Imam, as the intellectual ideologue of the revolution, first negated and rejected the existing situation, and finally drew his ideal and desirable system - which was different from the established systems in many ways - with the lesson plan "Province of the Jurist". It is obvious that the realization of this idea required a new mechanism and specifically a revolutionary theory.
The revolution was a mechanism to break the existing oppressive relations in order to provide the necessary ground for the realization of a governance based on Islam by the Shia scholars, which arose in the crisis situation caused by the usurpation of the existing governments and the lack of necessary conditions for the establishment of a desirable governance. In the end, the author evaluates the implementation strategies of the revolution from the Imam's point of view.
Machine summary:Referring to the disagreement that has existed among religious leaders regarding the formation of the government during the Age of Absence throughout history, the imam points his finger above all at the lever of the supervision of religious scholars in the path of Islamizing the society and emphasizes that in the previous centuries, whenever there was a minimum of participation and Monitoring has been made possible, scholars have accompanied and cooperated with their religious behavior to preserve the existence of Muslims and the sanctity of Islam, despite the fact that the governments are irreligious and usurping.Although, except for the divine monarchy, all the monarchies are contrary to the interests of the people, and all the laws are void and useless except for the divine law, but they respect and do not abolish the same vanity until a better system is established [Khomeini 3:186]. In short, the result of this speech is that the imam considers the existing governments in the Islamic world to be against the religion and rejects the common practice of the scholars in appeasing them, and at the same time resorting to force and violence and using political tools and tricks such as coups. as a strategy of struggle, which until now was a conventional way of gaining power, is completely rejectedAnd it is condemned and invalid as Hitler's method [Khomeini 3: 221-222]; But since they still do not consider the conditions suitable for explaining and delineating the theory of the Islamic government and consequently the hypothesis of the revolution, a reformist and peace-based approach within the framework of political and legal institutions for the active presence of religion under the supervision and coordination of the scholars regardless of the form of government. , put forward in order to: "make it clear that the law of Islam in the civilization of the world is the forerunner of all laws, and with its implementation, the utopia will be formed...