Abstract:
What follows is mostly a report of George Edward Moore[2], a famous English philosopher (1873-1958), about the nature of philosophy. This report is mainly based on the first chapter of his book: Some Main Problems of Philosophy entitled What is Philosophy? (= What is philosophy?). Moore's philosophy, which is sometimes described as "realism in favor of common sense", is based on two main points: one is that false idealism and the theoretical foundations of philosophical realism are defensible, because the analysis of the act of knowing also requires a mental and sensual act, and It also requires a subject of science that is independent of that verb; And another is that a person is aware of many facts that he cannot provide a "correct analysis" of; A person cannot even present a correct analysis in the manner of presenting a "correct analysis".
Machine summary:
"There are two opinions about these manifestations of material objects, among which the common sense does not have a preference, and therefore, one can hold to each of them and, at the same time, be completely compatible with the common sense: the first opinion is that at least some Of these phenomena, they are really part of the surfaces of objects, and the mentioned manifestations are the manifestations of those objects, that is, at least some of these manifestations are really located in space, and even when we humans do not have any knowledge of them, they will really continue to exist. They do not oppose only denying the existence of space and material objects.Rather, they categorically deny the existence of time and our own conscious actions; What these opinions state is that all these four types of things, i.e. material objects, space, our own conscious actions, and time, are manifestations of something else, and that other thing is a single thing or a collection of things, but in each The present is neither a material object, nor one of our own conscious acts, nor is it located in space, nor in time. In other words, we, in conventional life, always have the assumption that there are only a limited number of methods by which it is possible to acquire true knowledge of certain types of facts, and if someone expresses an opinion about the real world that using no He has not acquired one of those methods, in which case he does not, in fact, know the truth of his claim."