Matin Research Journal

Matin Research Journal

Imam Khomeini’s Literary-Jurisprudential Perspective on Verse 222 of Surah Al-Baqarah

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ebrahim Azizi Asl 1
Abbasali Rouhani Fard 2
Habib Hatemi kan kabud 3
1 PhD student in Jurisprudence, Law, and Imam Khomeini Thought, Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Jurisprudence, Law, and Imam Khomeini Thought, Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Literature, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
10.22034/matin.2023.300775.1925
Abstract
The issue of menstruation has several injunctions. One is the permissibility or impermissibility of sexual intercourse after the cessation of bleeding and before performing ghusl (ritual bath), which is a matter directly relevant to men and women in society. Fortunately, this issue is addressed in verse 222 of Surah al-Baqarah in the Quran, and its ruling is stated. However, the difference in the recitation of the verb "yaṭhurna" (they are purified) in the verse has led to varying understandings and fatwas among scholars of literature and jurisprudence. This paper examines the aforementioned verse from the perspective of jurists, especially Imam Khomeini, from a literary standpoint and using a descriptive-analytical method. It presents and evaluates different opinions and views. Aside from extensive jurisprudential and exegetical sources, no independent research on this topic was found. The aim of this research is to discover the influence of literature on deriving rulings and to understand the opinions of jurists, particularly Imam Khomeini, regarding this issue. This research revealed that some jurists considered the verse ambiguous, while others inferred recommendation or dislike. However, Imam Khomeini considers the verse's indication complete and supported by sufficient textual evidence. Based on evidence and context, this verse indicates the permissibility of sexual intercourse after the cessation of bleeding and before performing ghusl.
Keywords
Purity
Intercourse with menstruating women
Menstruation
Yaṭhurna
Yaṭṭahharna (variant readings)
Imam Khomeini
Subjects

  • Akbari Dastak, F. (2015). Comprehensiveness of the Quran in Imam Khomeini’s Viewpoint.Matin Research Journal, 17(67), 1-22. dor: 1001.1.24236462.1394.17.67.1.5

    • Allāma Hilli, H. (1993). Mokhtalef al-Shia fi Ahkam al-Sharia. Qom: Islamic Publications office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers Association. [In Arabic]
    • Amuli, M. M. T. (1960). Misbah al-Huda fi Sharh al-Urwat al-Wuthqa. Tehran: [In Arabic]
    • Ansari, M. (1994). Kitab al-Tahara (Cleanliness). Qom: World Congress of Commemoration of Sheikh Azam Ansari. [In Arabic]
    • Bahrani, Y. (1984). Al-Hadaiq Al-Nadrah Fi Ahakam Aleitrat Al-Tahira. Qom: Islamic Publications Office of the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom. [In Arabic]
    • Fayz Kashani, M. (1995). Tafsir-al Safi. Iran: Sadr Library. [In Arabic]
    • Jazari, M. (1926). Al-Nashar fi al-Qaraat al-Ashr(Publishing in the ten readings). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya. [In Arabic]
    • Khoei, S. A. (1997). Encyclopedia of Imam al-Khoei. Qom: Foundation for the Revival of the Works of Imam al-Khoei. [In Arabic]
    • Khoei, S. A. (2009). Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran. Qom: Foundation for the Revival of the Works of Imam al-Khoei. [In Arabic]
    • Khomeini, S. R. (2000). Kitab al-Tahara. Tehran: The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works. [In Arabic]
    • Khorasani, H. R. (2018). Waati with a menstruating woman before ghusl. Imam Mohammad Baqir (peace be upon him) jurisprudential school. https://mfeb.ir/home/?p=380
    • Majlisi, M. B. (1989). Bihar al-Anwar (Oceans of Light). Lebanon: Printing and Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
    • Naraqi, A. (1995). Mustanad Al-Shia’a fi Ahkam Al-Sharia’a. Qom: Al-Bayt Institute. [In Arabic]
    • Nasai, A. (1989). Al-Nasa’i’s Interpretation. Beirut: Cultural Books Foundation. [In Arabic]
    • Omar, A. M. & Makram, A. S. (1988). Dictionary of Quranic readings. Kuwait: Kuwait University Press. [In Arabic]
    • Ragheb Isfahani, H. (1991). Vocabulary of Quranic Words. Beirut: Dar Al-Qalam. [In Arabic]
    • Samin, A. (1994). Al- Durr al-Masun fi Ulum Al-Kitab Al-Maknun. Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers Association. [In Arabic]
    • Seyed Morteza, A. (1994). Al-Intisar fi Infardat al-Amamiyyah. Qom: Islamic Publications Office of the Qom Seminary Society of Teachers. [In Arabic]
    • Shahid Thani, Z. (1981). Rawd al-Janan fi Sharh Irshad al-Adhan. Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers Association. [In Arabic]
    • Shahid Thani, Z. (2000). Letters of the Second Martyr. Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers Association. [In Arabic]
    • Shaykh Saduq, M. (1994). Al-Muqni. Qom: Imam Hadi (peace be upon him) Institute. [In Arabic]
    • Shaykh Saduq, M. (2007). Man La Yahduruhu Al-Faqih (For Those Who Are Unable to Attend a Jurisprudent). Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers Association. [In Arabic]
    • Tabarani, S. (2008). The Great Interpretation: Interpretation of the Great Qur’an. Irbid: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Thaqafi. [In Arabic]
    • Tabarsi, F. (1993). Majma’ Al-Bayan fi Tafsir Al-Quran (Collection of Expressions in the Interpretation of Quran). Tehran: Naser Khosrow. [In Arabic]
    • Tabatabaei Hakim, S. M. (1995). Mustamsak Al-Urwat Al-Wuthqa (Grasping the Trustworthy Handhold). Qom: Dar Al-Tafsir Foundation. [In Arabic]
    • Talebtash, A. (2015). The Revelation of Quran to Prophet of Islam in View of Imam Khomeini.Matin Research Journal, 17(68), 91-110.dor: 1001.1.24236462.1394.17.68.5.1
    • Tousi, M. (1993). Al-Khalaf. Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers Association. [In Arabic]
Matin Research Journal
Volume 27, Issue 106
Spring 2025
Pages 57-76